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Resources · Learn

Understanding AI.

Our clients are business execs who want to execute AI strategy, not just talk about it.

You don't need to be able to write code in order to make sensible decisions about where and how to use AI in your business. But you do need a mental model of how AI systems work, what they're good at, and where they fail.

Here are some resources that will help. Some are a few years old but they are still relevant today.

01
Interactive explainer~15 min2023

Generative AI exists because of the transformer

The Financial Times Visual Storytelling teamThe Financial Times Visual Storytelling team

A visual guide to the transformer, something that's at the centre of generative AI. It's the T in ChatGPT.

open the explainer
02
Video27 min2024

Transformers, the tech behind LLMs

Grant SandersonGrant Sanderson

A video explaining what happens inside a model. Grant Sanderson is a mathematician and educator, best known as the creator of the 3Blue1Brown YouTube channel.

watch on youtube
03
Video3 hours2025

Deep Dive into LLMs like ChatGPT

Andrej KarpathyAndrej Karpathy

A three-hour video that explains how LLMs are made. Don't be put off by the length. It will give you a mental model that helps you think about what an LLM is and what it does. Try watching thirty minutes at a time. Karpathy is one of the most accomplished AI researchers in the world.

watch on youtube
04
Video~40 min2025

Software Is Changing (Again)

Andrej KarpathyAndrej Karpathy

Karpathy reframes LLMs as a new kind of computer you program in plain English, and makes the case for building products that keep a human firmly in the loop.

watch on youtube
05
Essay~20 min read2026

A frontier without an ecosystem is not stable

Satya Nadella, CEO of MicrosoftSatya Nadella, CEO of Microsoft

An essay arguing that the long-term value of AI will not come simply from having access to the best AI model. It will come from building an ecosystem where AI and human expertise continuously learn from each other. Satya Nadella is the CEO of Microsoft.

read the essay
06
NewsletterOngoing · free

One Useful Thing

Prof. Ethan Mollick, The Wharton SchoolProf. Ethan Mollick, The Wharton School

A newsletter that translates what AI can and can't do into business practice. Mollick is a Wharton professor and consultant.

subscribe
07
BlogOngoing

Simon Willison's Weblog

Simon Willison, independent developerSimon Willison, independent developer

A hype-free running commentary on what's happening in the AI world. His end-of-year reviews are great.

read the blog
08
NewsletterWeekly · free tier

Benedict's Newsletter

Benedict EvansBenedict Evans

A weekly newsletter summarising what's going on in the world of AI and business. Evans used to be a tech analyst at A16Z.

subscribe

Recent Reading

Things on the web we've been reading...

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AT&T Is Betting on Open-Weight AI

wsj.com

The telecom company is staking its future on open models, both to control token cost and protect its proprietary data.